Introduction: PYROLYSIS mass SPECTROMETRY is a discriminatory technique with potential for rapid characteriztion and classification of microorganisms. PYROLYSIS of microorganisms yields a complex mixture of products that can be analysed quantitatively by mass SPECTROMETRY and the fingerprint results obtained can be analysed.Methods & Materials: Whole cell and outer membrane preparations of 42 strains of Stenotrophomonas maltophilia grown at 30° C and 37° C were studied.Results: The spectral results showed that the information that can be gained from visual inspection is limited, but the results represented as a dendrogram and grading diagram showed that outer membrane preparations were quite distinct from the whole organisms, and the organisms grown at 30° C were distinct from the organisms grown at 37° C.Discussion: Differences between chemical composition of the outer membrane and whole cells were qualitative and those of the strains grown at 30° C and 37° C were quantitative.

Static headspace combined with GAS chromatography/mass SPECTROMETRY is a powerful technique which can be used for separation and identification of volatile organic compounds in complex and different matrices such as soil, water, blood, urine, milk, cheese and especially yogurt. After sample collection, they were analyzed by HS-GC/MS system and the components (acetaldehyde, acetone, butanone and acetic acid) were detected and quantified. The limit of detection (LOD) was 100 ng/kg with selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode at m/z =60 for acetic acid. The relative standard deviation (RSD) was measured at 5.5% for acetic acid.

Background: Oxytetracycline (OTC) is a widely-used antibiotic; metabolism studies indicate only partial assimilation of it inside the body. Traditional wastewater treatment plants cannot remove OTC, and this results in the release of considerable amounts of the drug into aquatic environments. There is much concern over the role of residual antibiotics in the development of new generations of bacteria with modified resistance to the antibiotics. The present work investigated the possibility of OTC sorption on river sediments. Methods: Seven sediment samples were collected from various locations and depths of the Passaic River in New Jersey. The texture, clay, extractable iron, and organic matter contents of the sediments were determined. PYROLYSIS-GAS chromatography-mass spectrometric (Py GC-MS) analysis indicated the presence of 3 categories of organic materials: petroleum hydrocarbons, anthropogenic, and plant residual materials. The sediment samples were equilibrated with OTC solutions for 24 hours followed by centrifugation and syringe filtration. The residual OTC contents were determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Results: It appeared that 35%-60% fractions of OTC were retained by the sediments. The sorption capacity values of the sediments were correlated with clay content, organic matter content, and available iron. A poor correlation was found between adsorption capacity and clay content in the presence of organic matter and iron. Meanwhile, a relatively strong correlation was found between adsorption capacity with the iron, R2 = 0. 7499, and organic matter contents of the sediments, R2 = 0. 7899. Thus, the sorption of OTC on sediments is governed by all constituents. Conclusion: It was concluded that the antibiotic-sediment interaction is controlled mainly by the organic matter and iron contents.

Background: Epilepsy is one of the most common neurological conditions and a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Objectives: The present study aimed to evaluate the anticonvulsant activity of the petroleum ether extract of the root of Anacyclus pyrethrum on Pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced seizure model in Wistar rats. Methods: The composition of the petroleum ether extract of A. pyrethrum was first analyzed using GAS Chromatography-Mass SPECTROMETRY (GC-MS). Subsequently, the anticonvulsant activities of these extracts (70 and 140 mg/kg, intraperitoneal injection) were evaluated on PTZ-induced seizures in rats. The protection rate against induced seizures, latency, and duration of seizures, as well as neurological symptoms, were assessed and compared to those protected by phenobarbital. Results: GC/MS analysis of the petroleum ether extract showed that the main components were octadecadienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid, diheptylcyclopropene, naphthalene, and methyl stearate. The extract (70 and 140 mg/kg) was found to provide significant protection against PTZ-induced seizures. Moreover, compared to the negative control, the extracts increased the latency of induced-convulsion and reduced the duration of epilepsy. Interestingly, the extracts showed a reduction in neurological symptoms and the severity of seizures compared to the negative control. All of these outcomes manifested in a dose-dependent manner. Conclusion: The petroleum ether extract of A. pyrethrum may produce anticonvulsant effects by reducing the duration of seizures and delaying the latency of seizures induced by PTZ.

Among the forest diseases, fungi are the most important that causes extensive deterioration to the wood in standing tree and logs. Fungi cause contamination and decays trees and timbers in forest as well as in the mill yards. Decayed woods are the source of biomass and a great amount of decayed wood is present at the forests as un-used material. In this study, experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of Coriolus versicolor decay on chemical compounds obtained from beech wood (Fagus orientalis L.) PYROLYSIS. Separation and identification of chemical compounds in beach sound wood and decayed wood was conducted using PYROLYSIS at 500oC and in nitrogen atmosphere. Separation and identification of extracted chemical compounds was carried out using sailylation of these compounds by N, O-bis (trimethylsilyl) trifluoroacetamide and GAS Chromatography and Mass SPECTROMETRY. Totally, 23 compounds were identified in sound beech wood and most of these compounds, at this temperature, are related to 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol and 3-hidroxy-4-methoxy benzoic acid; and 31 compounds were detected in decayed beech wood which most of them are related to Cyclononasiloxane octadecamethy and 4- (3, 4-Dimethoxybenzylidene) -1- (4-nitrophenyl) and17 compounds were detected in both sound and decayed wood.

The paper introduced effects of modified PYROLYSIS tar on flue GAS desulfurization. This experiment selected the PYROLYSIS tar as the raw material, researched the effects on desulfurization performance under different modification solution, concentration, solid liquid ratio of PYROLYSIS tar and modified solution, calcination temperature and calcination time by 16 group orthogonal experiments. The results showed that: (1) The significance of five factors impact on the modified PYROLYSIS tar desulfurization performance in order was: types of the modified solution>modification solution concentration>calcination time>solid-liquid ratio>calcination temperature. (2) The modified effects of nitric acid and phosphoric acid were better. (3) The higher nitrate concentration, the better modified effect of PYROLYSIS tar. (4) The rate of desulfurization increased mainly associated with acidic groups on the surface of the PYROLYSIS tar, desulfurization performance get better along with the acidic groups increasing.

Water contamination due to the wide variety of pesticides used in agriculture is a global environmental pollution problem. In order to reach at sub-mgL-1 levels of detection, an efficient extraction technique is required. A simple, fast and economical method, dispersive liquid-liquid micro extraction (DLLME), followed by GAS chromatography-mass SPECTROMETRY was assessed for determining endosulfan in water samples. Experimental parameters which control the performance of DLLME, such as extraction and disperser solvents type and their volumes, temperature, and salt addition were studied by experimental design. The main factors affecting the extraction efficiency, volumes of disperser and extraction solvents, were optimized by response surface method. Under optimum conditions, the method was linear over the range 0.1-50 mg/L. The enrichment factor and extraction recovery were 163.4 and 63.73, respectively. Correlation coefficient and limit of detection (LODs) are 0.9996, 20 ng/L, respectively.